Air filtration technologies

In the modern world, where most of the time is spent indoors, air quality is becoming extremely important. Indoors, we breathe not only natural air, but also various pollutants, so properly selected air filters are necessary to protect health, ensure comfort and avoid long-term negative effects on the body.

Particulate matter (PM) - what is it?

PM (particulate matter) - is a mixture of dust, liquid droplets or other pollutants in the air. According to their size, they are divided into:

• PM10 (particles up to 10 µm) - can enter the respiratory tract;
• PM2.5 (particles up to 2.5 µm) - reach the lungs, disrupt their function, can cause skin and eye problems;
• PM1 (particles up to 1 µm) - the most dangerous, because they enter the bloodstream, increase the risk of heart, vascular and even oncological diseases.

The sources of these particles can be natural (pollen, forest fires, sandstorms) and artificial (car exhaust, industrial activities, fuel combustion, construction dust).

Air Filter Classification According to ISO 16890

Since 2016, the ISO 16890 standard has been in effect worldwide, replacing the previous EN779 and ASHRAE 52.2 standards. According to this standard, filters are classified according to their efficiency in trapping particles:

The higher the filter efficiency, the better it protects against harmful pollutants. In cities, it is recommended to use ePM1 class filters, while in more remote areas ePM10 may be sufficient.

Filter technologies

• Conventional filters - designed to trap solid particles.
• Activated carbon filters - dust-free, they also remove odors, smoke, organic vapors, and solvent residues.
• Ventilation systems – in modern buildings, they ensure heat recovery and at the same time clean both incoming and outgoing air.

Practical tips

• It is recommended to change filters at least twice a year - in spring and autumn.
• The frequency of filter replacement depends on the air pollution in the area and the intensity of the ventilation system.
• In cities, it is necessary to choose high-class filters (ePM1), in rural areas, lower-class filters may be sufficient.

Clean air indoors determines good well-being, reduces the risk of allergies, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. A properly selected ventilation system and filters are an investment in health and quality of life.

How does air quality affect our health and how can air filters protect against disease?

Hidden threat: what do we breathe every day?

We all hear about the increased amount of particulate matter in the air, but not everyone thinks about how many pollutants are hidden in the air we breathe every day. Air quality is affected not only by outdoor pollution, but also by pollutants indoors, where we spend about 90% of our time. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), improving air quality can significantly contribute to better health and a longer life.

In recent years, more and more people have been facing health problems directly related to poor air quality. Air pollution – both outdoors and indoors – is one of the main causes of respiratory diseases, allergies and even chronic diseases.

Fine particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) usually comes from transport, industry, heating equipment and even domestic activities. When they enter the human body, they can cause chronic diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, heart attack or stroke.

Fine PM1 particles (less than 1 µm in size) are among the most dangerous pollutants, as they easily enter not only the lungs but also the bloodstream. Such particles cause various inflammations, increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and are also associated with respiratory diseases.

In addition to particulate matter, other airborne pollutants pose a health risk:

• Pollen – causes allergies and asthma exacerbations, especially in spring and summer.
• Mold and bacteria – develop in damp rooms and can cause respiratory diseases.

Ventilation and the importance of air filters

Ventilation improves the indoor microclimate, reduces the amount of pollutants, and helps prevent excess humidity. Sufficient air circulation eliminates unpleasant odors and ensures better sleep at night. Indoor air quality can be improved by using appropriate solutions, such as ventilation units with high-efficiency air filters. Air filters are the first line of defense against polluted air, as they not only filter particulate matter, but also effectively reduce the amount of bacteria, viruses, and allergens in the room, improving overall human health and quality of life. An effective ventilation system contributes to better health and greater comfort at home or in the work environment. A constant supply of fresh, filtered air improves people's well-being and concentration.

Natural ventilation alone, for example by opening a window, is often not enough because:

• It does not effectively remove pollutants - outdoor air can be contaminated with fine particulate matter, allergens, and other harmful substances.
• Does not ensure constant air circulation - rooms are not always ventilated at the right intensity, especially in the cold season when the windows are kept closed.
• May increase the risk of humidity and mold - if there is no proper regulation of air flow, humidity can accumulate, creating conditions for mold to multiply.

Scientific studies confirming the benefits of air filtration.

1. Children and reducing the risk of respiratory diseases. Children, especially infants, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. Studies show that the use of air filters can reduce the risk of respiratory diseases in children by as much as 30%. A study by the Los Angeles Institute of Health and Science, in collaboration with the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), showed that air filters help reduce the likelihood of respiratory diseases and asthma symptoms, making them an effective means of protecting the most sensitive members of society.
2. Reducing allergies. Allergies are a common problem that can be exacerbated by poor air quality. A study conducted by the Canadian Respiratory and Sleep Association, in collaboration with other health organizations, has shown that air filters can reduce allergy symptoms by up to 25%. They help clean the air of allergens such as pollen, mold, and dust mites, thereby reducing allergy symptoms. It is important to choose the right air filter based on individual needs and living environment.
3. Air quality in the workplace. The work environment directly affects the well-being and productivity of employees. The use of air filters in offices helps reduce the amount of particulate matter in the air, so employees can breathe easier, feel less tired, and can concentrate better. Research from Harvard University's T.H. Chan School of Public Health has shown that high-quality air filters can reduce the concentration of particulate matter in indoor air by as much as 50%. This not only improves the overall indoor air quality, but also creates a more comfortable and productive work environment.

Selection and maintenance of air filters

To effectively protect indoor air, it is recommended to use filters in ventilation units that comply with the ISO 16890 filtration standard:

• For air supply, it is recommended to use filters with an efficiency class of at least ePM1 50%, which retain the smallest and most dangerous particles.
• For extraction, it is recommended to choose ePM10 filters, which retain larger particles.
• High-efficiency filters also protect ventilation unit components (rotary heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, heaters, coolers) by preventing them from becoming contaminated with dust, extending their service life, ensuring their efficiency and thus saving energy.

Practical tips for better air quality:

• It is recommended to change filters regularly, at least twice a year - preferably before the heating season and after flowering.
• Use higher efficiency air filters - they effectively remove even the smallest particles.
• Ensure proper functioning of filters - clogged or poorly maintained filters do not provide the user with all the benefits.

Air quality is part of a healthy lifestyle

Investing in cleaner air is an investment in our health and well-being. By choosing quality air filters, we create a safer environment not only for ourselves, but also for our loved ones. Better air quality means fewer illnesses, more energy and a higher quality of life. Let clean air become a natural standard in our everyday lives!